NURS 6050 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Different health issues affect nations across the world, including the United States. These issues require policies and effective measures from government agencies to tackle and stop their spread. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a global health issue that continues to affect nations, especially developing countries (WHO, 2023). Nurses require knowledge about these issues and their overall effects on care provision. The purpose of this paper is to discuss HIV/AIDS approaches in United States compared to South Africa, which has one of the highest prevalence rates of this communicable disease in the world. The paper also offers a plan for social change to address the issue.
| Global Healthcare Issue |
HIV/AIDS |
|
| Description | HIV is an immunological disease that leads to weakened immunity. The human immunodeficiency virus attacks the body’s immune system and if not treated, it leads to AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that HIV remains a global public health concern with over 40 million deaths so far. WHO asserts that close to 39 million people live with HIV by 2022. Two thirds of these people are in African region (WHO, 2023). HIV does not have a cure but effective access to HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care is critical in managing the condition Through these efforts, individuals with the condition can live long and healthy lives. | |
| Country | United States
|
South Africa |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue |
National HIV/AIDS Strategy is a federal policy on accelerating efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the U.S. by 2030 or in the next seven years. At the core of this policy is to re-energize and improve an entire society’s response to the epidemic while also supporting those living with the condition and lowering HIV-related morbidity and mortality. |
The policy is broad and encompasses aspects of prevention, treatment and care aimed at reducing infections by 20%. The policy also focuses on screening and beginning donor funded ART. |
| What are the strengths of this policy? | The policy’s primary strengths include taking a holistic approach that involves the whole society and offering aid to the underprivileged like sex workers (Hammer et al., 2018). Secondly, the policy focuses on prevention and treatment through supporting those with the condition to reduce comorbidity and mortality | Discounted and donor-supported medications ensure that all who require treatment can access it. Secondly, the policy focuses on the vulnerable individuals who require more support (UNAIDS, 2023). |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? | While the policy is effective in other areas, its weak aspects include continued stigmatization as it does not address the issue of discrimination against those living with the disease. Again, the policy is subject to budgetary limits that reduce available resources for the program. | Heavy reliance on donor funds and resources makes the policy intermittent (Bhekisisa Organization, 2023). This means that people living with the condition may miss ART and other critical treatment interventions. |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) | Limited or lack of access to healthcare can limit the U.S. national strategy on HIV/AIDS. Poor socioeconomic status, especially among the low-income families and individuals, denies one access to care despite the passages of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. | Unemployment, low standards of education, limited access to healthcare service and poor living conditions are critical SDOH of that affect HIV/AIDS reduction in South Africa. |
| How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? | The U.S. government through the ACA 2010 and other laws like CURES Act has addressed the cost, quality, and access to healthcare that includes giving services to individuals with HIV/AIDS. The ACA 2010 covers individuals with pre-existing conditions which makes them eligible for medical cover despite their condition. | The South African government has largely depended on donor-funding, especially from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN to cover costs of therapy (WHO, 2023). However, a shortage of competent healthcare professionals and primary care nurses as well as limited resources remain challenges for many to access life-saving medications. |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) | HIV/AIDS health policy in the U.S impacts the health of the population across the world as it develops and implements measures to reduce infection rates. For instance, according to the WHO, close to 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, these people require resources like antiretroviral treatment (ART) to reduce their susceptibility to other comorbidities. | The policy means that more people can get medications and preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of the disease across the world. |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country. | The strategy on HIV/AID impacts nurse’s role in the U.S. as it means that she/he works with individuals with the condition to improve their health outcomes (Corless et al., 2018). Nurses can be part of the team on preventing the disease through teaching as opposed to medication before one gets infected. | The policy makes nurses to play critical roles in offering education and awareness about HIV/AIDS and also screening people to detect their status (Bhekisisa Organization, 2023). |
| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) | HIV/AIDS is a global health concern and impacts local policies since they must customize recommendations by WHO. For instance, optimum ARV mixes are different based on the HIV/AIDS strains isolated.
|
WHO creates management standards that affects local legislation. For example, the policy recommends having ARV drug mix based on the local strain’s level of sensitivity. |
| General Notes/Comments | While the national strategy is effective in reducing the rates of infection and ending the epidemic, more is required to ensure that the population can access healthcare, especially those from low-income settings. | A critical aspect of the policy is its overdependence on foreign or donor funding. Imperatively, the government should develop long-term approaches supported by local resources to address the issue. |
Part 2: Plan for Social Change
The comparability grid shows that both nations; the U.S. and South Africa, should do more to address HIV/AIDS as a social and healthcare problem. While the U.S. has the ability to generate more resources and prudently use them to attain its goal of ending the epidemic by 2030, South Africa does not have despite its position as one of the nations with the highest prevalent rates in the world. The South African government needs to make effective measures and actions to address the issue through altering the mindset of all stakeholders, beginning with the political class and public health officials (Milstead et al., 2019). People infected with HIV require early treatment interventions to reduce and stop the progression of the condition to full blown AIDS, especially in the case of South Africa. Government should channel all resources to addressing the issue and ensuring that no funds are embezzled. Through these approaches, the South African government will slowly start relying on its internal resources to deal with the HIV/AIDS issue. The development of a holistic policy, possibly like the U.S.’s National Strategy on HIV/AIDS will be critical for South Africa to deal with the scourge.
Based on the foregoing, a social change strategy that ensures equitable allocation of resources and justice in HIV/AIDS is critical at the global and national levels. Nurses and their professional associations should participate in policy advocacy to promote this idea. Administrative measures at government levels would also be necessary to enhance accessibility and reliability of the drugs, especially for developing nations like South Africa (The White House, 2021). Professional nursing associations and entities should lobby their governments to provide free ARVs and ART as part of social change approach to the issue. Through such efforts, nations should not be dependent on foreign support and donations that may not be predictable and sustainable in the long term.
Conclusion
HIV/AIDS remains a global health concern that requires efforts by governments and professional nursing organizations. As demonstrated, different nations have different approaches to the problem but all geared toward ending the epidemic. Social change should focus on increasing equitable distribution of resources and interventions to mitigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on the population at the global level.
References
Bhekisisa Organization (2023). National Strategic Plan for HIV | TB | STIs: 2023-228.
https://bhekisisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSP-HIV-TB-STIs-2023-2028-MARCH20_23-PRINT2.pdf
Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., … & Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s
role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 412-415.
DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003
Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8th ed.
McGraw-Hill Education.
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
The White House (2021). National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States 2022–2025. Washington, DC.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/National-HIV-AIDS-Strategy.pdf
UNAIDS (2023). A Triple Dividend: Fully financing the HIV response in Africa.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2023 July 13). HIV and AIDS.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI24WOob3MgAMVZT0GAB2dhA65EAAYASAAEgK6zvD_BwE
https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2023/april/20230412_a-triple-dividend
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Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Note: This Assignment (both Parts 1 & 2) is due on Day 5 of Week 11.
If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?
You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.
Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.
In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.
Resources
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
- Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Chapter 11, “The Impact of Globalization: Nurses Influencing Global Health Policy” (pp. 194–208)
- Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., Kurth, A. E., … Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics
- Links to an external site.. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 412–415.
- Donkin, A., Goldblatt, P., Allen, J., Nathanson, V., & Marmot, M. (2017). Global action on the social determinants of health
- Links to an external site.. BMJ Global Health, 3(1).
- Sandoval-Almazana, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2011). Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities
- Links to an external site.. Government Information Quarterly, 29(Suppl. 1), S72–S81.
- World Health Organization
- Links to an external site. (WHO). (2021). World Health Organization (WHO). http://www.who.int
- Document: Global Health Comparison Matrix (Word document)
Required Media
- Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Global Healthcare Issues [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
- Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Final Thoughts [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
To Prepare:
- Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
- Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
- Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
- Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)
Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:
- Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
- Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
- Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
- Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
- Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.
In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples
By Day 5 of Week 11
Submit both Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.
submission information
Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.
- To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK11Assgn+LastName+Firstinitial
- Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
- Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.
Rubric
NURS_6050_Module06_Week11_Assignment_Rubric
| Criteria | Ratings | Pts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Global Healthcare Issues and PoliciesPart 1: Global Health Comparison MatrixFocusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:• Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study. |
|
50 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome The Nurse’s Role in Global HealthcarePart 2: A Plan for Social ChangeReflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment. In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.• Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples. |
|
35 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, low logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas.Sentences are carefully focused– neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
|
5 pts | ||||
| This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Written Expression and Formatting:The paper follows correct APA format for title page, font, spacing, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list). |
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5 pts | ||||
| Total Points: 100 | ||||||