PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis
Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis
After reviewing the Topic 3 “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” chart and evaluation you completed and reading the topic Resources, respond to the following, using only citations from the case and topic Resources:
- Based on the case and topic Resources, in 200-250 words, should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale.
| The biomedical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice are critical in analyzing this scenario and the decisions and actions that each individual takes. Beneficence requires physicians to provide interventions that confer benefits or positive outcomes to patients and reduce possible harm (Camara et al., 2021). Non-maleficence implores healthcare providers not to harm patients while autonomy gives patients, especially those of sound mind, to make decisions about recommended treatment interventions. Autonomy allows patients to make decisions after getting sufficient information from healthcare providers. As such, patients can accept or reject such interventions, especially if they violate their values, concerns, and practices. Justice requires stakeholders to be fair, and offer each patient a chance to get better interventions and outcomes. In this case, James is a minor and cannot make decisions on the recommended interventions. As such, his father, Mike makes decisions that either benefit James or not. The physician can only implement recommended interventions once Mike allows. While the physician may want to implement better interventions, he must get informed consent from Mike James’ father. The physician should allow Mike to make decisions, even if they seem irrational and harmful to James because of the principle of autonomy (Johnstone, 2022). Therefore, while such decisions look irrational and harmful to James, the physician cannot stop them since such an action shows a violation of the principle of autonomy. Physicians and other healthcare providers can only implement what patients want based on their preferences, values, and beliefs. |
- Based on the case and topic Resources, in 500-700 words, how ought a Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care?
| Christians have diverse perspectives on sickness and health. For instance, some view sickness as punishment for sins and failing to follow God’s teachings and commandments. As such, sickness emanates from the Original Sin committed by Adam and Eve, and this implies that sinners get punished for their inequities. However, other Christians perceive sickness as God’s ultimate test of one’s trust and faith in Him. As an affliction, sickness increases one’s resilience and closeness to God. The sick always need healing. Again, sickness is part of human suffering and the natural existence of human beings. Conversely, Christians view health as a gift from God and for following His teachings and commandments. However, Christians should consider sickness and health as a natural part of existence and life. Therefore, being sick is a natural process that requires effective interventions through medication and other aspects. A Christian ought to think about sickness and health as part of life and not necessarily punishment from God or blessings. While such perspectives emanate from faith and biblical teachings, sickness, and health are natural occurrences for human beings and require effective interventions.
Medical interventions are essential and help cure the sick. As such, a Christian should embrace medical interventions as gifts from God to cure and heal the sick. Believing in medical interventions does not imply a lack of faith and trust in God’s healing and power (Camara et al., 2021). Christians should consider medical interventions as ways of God to heal the sick. In Mathew 9:12 (NIV), Jesus Christ asserted that the sick will seek medical interventions. Jesus Christ said that those who are healthy do not need medical intervention but the sick do. Therefore, Christians should not rely on prayers alone and ignore medical interventions. A Christian ought to consider medical interventions as opportunities for God to manifest and demonstrate his power over sickness and death. As a Christian, Mike must trust in God’s healing power and prayers while allowing James to undergo the recommended healthcare interventions. Mike should allow the physician to proceed with the kidney transplant process, including having Samuel’s kidney donated to save his brother. Mike ought to maintain his faith and hope that the two boys will recover, and be healthy (Varkey, 2021). As a Christian, Mike should consider the physician as Heaven sent representing the miracle that God will do to save his son, James. Mike should continue attending church services and maintain and demonstrate his strong faith in God as James gets medical attention. Mike should understand the two biomedical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence so that he makes informed decisions and stops jeopardizing his son’s health. Beneficence denotes the advantages that a medical intervention has compared to the dangers of not implementing it (Gunawardena et al., 2024). For instance, a kidney transplant will confer immense benefits to James, especially saving his life and ensuring his kidneys work. For instance, Mike needs to understand that the merits of a kidney transplant exceed possible dangers. Non-maleficence means causing no harm to a patient’s health. Therefore, postponing the transplant will pose serious negative effects on James’ health. While Mike wishes to enhance his trust and faith in God, he should know that a kidney transplant from a matching kidney will confer benefits to James and the family. Mike should know that he can still trust God while also ensuring that his son gets the right interventions to improve his health. Mike should understand that allowing the intervention does not imply that he lacks faith and trust in God but only ascertain benefits and reduce possible harm to the child. |
- Based on the case and topic Resources, in 200-250 words, how would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike to determine the appropriate interventions for James and his family or others involved in his care?
| A spiritual needs assessment is a tool that healthcare providers utilize to determine and understand the spiritual and religious values, beliefs, and practices of patients and their families based on their community and societal aspects. By understanding these needs, physicians and other healthcare providers can guide the patient on care interventions, especially in delicate situations like James’ case. Through a spiritual needs assessment, the physician will understand Mike and his family’s beliefs and values which in turn inform decisions on care and treatment. In their article, Fuchs et al. (2021) observed that integrating patient’s religious and spiritual beliefs in medical care enhances the efficacy of medical interventions and health outcomes. Using a cross-sectional study design, the authors demonstrate that religious and spiritual practices are important for patients. Therefore, a spiritual needs assessment will help the physician assist Mike know the appropriate intervention for his son and family by understanding the underlying religious and spiritual beliefs and their significance in this family. A spiritual assessment will enable the physician to guide the family in making better decisions as they address internal needs. For instance, the family requires support, especially practical support, to implement the recommended intervention which is getting a donor kidney from James’ brother, Samuel. Therefore, by understanding their needs, the physician will develop an effective approach to the issue and help Mike make better choices. According to Kuckel et al. (2021), the spiritual assessment provides a chance to improve patient-physician interactions and relationships while integrating patient views that may have substantial effects on clinical decision-making. Consequently, through the assessment, the physician will guide the family on the most appropriate actions and decisions concerning James and the need for a transplant. |
- Based on the case and topic Resources, in 250-300 words, how would accountability for James be demonstrated in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and patient-centered care and participatory approach to care? Consider the same standards of practice for his twin brother Samuel who may become a patient alongside his brother as the kidney donor.
| Accountability denotes the responsibility of healthcare professionals to offer quality care to patients while complying with or following professional standards and ethical guidelines. Accountability should reflect patient-centered care based on various ethical aspects. Again, a participatory approach means that all stakeholders like Mike and Joanne, should be engaged and have their views considered. These include informed consent, patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence (Camara et al., 2021). Informed consent means that the physician and his team should fully inform Mike and his family about James’ condition, and the need for a kidney transplant as well as the risks and benefits involved in the procedure. For instance, the physician and Mike should discuss the possibility and implications of Samuel being a donor. Respect for autonomy means that the physician should respect James’ values and wishes as expressed through his father. Beneficence and non-maleficence imply that the health team is willing to do what is best for the patient while reducing possible harm (Childress et al., 2022). The physician must inform the family of the possible harm to Samuel if he were to be a donor and allow Mike to consult before making the final decision. A patient-centered and participatory approach entails shared decision-making, respect for values and preferences, and care coordination among the different entities to ensure that the intervention meets James’ needs and also cares for Samuel if he becomes the donor of the kidney. The physician and his team and Mike must apply similar standards of practice that include getting informed consent, respecting his autonomy, and ascertaining that the process is beneficial to him and even the family.
|
References
Camara, C., & Rosengarten, L. (2021). Faith-sensitive end of life care for children, young
people, and their families. British Journal of Nursing, 30(5): 276–279.
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.5.276.
Childress, J. F., & Beauchamp, T. L. (2022). Common morality principles in biomedical ethics:
responses to critics. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 31(2), 164-176.
DOI: 10.1017/S0963180121000566.
Fuchs, J. R., Fuchs, J. W., Hauser, J. M., & Coors, M. E. (2021). Patient desire for spiritual
assessment is unmet in urban and rural primary care settings. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06300-y
Green, C. (2021). Assessing Spiritual Health using Spiritual Health Assessment Tools:
Indications for End-of-Life Care. International Journal of Health, Wellness &
Society, 11(1): 189–197. DOI:10.18848/2156-8960/CGP/v11i01/189-197
Gunawardena, N., Britton, H., Roy, J., Harding, S., Eckoldt, S., & Lovell, N. (2024). Improving
the assessment of cultural, religious, and spiritual needs for patients at the end-of-life within an acute hospital trust. BMJ Open Quality, 13(4), e002821. https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/13/4/e002821
Johnstone, M. J. (2022). Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Kuckel, D. P., Jones, A. L., & Smith, K. D. (2022). The Spiritual Assessment.
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1000/spiritual-assessment.pdf
Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical
Principles and Practice, 30(1): 17-28. DOI: 10.1159/000509119
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Assessment Traits
Benchmark
Requires Lopeswrite
Assessment Description
For this final assignment, you will be tasked to review your work in the Topic 3 case study and continue to analyze the case to best determine spiritual care interventions throughout their plan of care. In particular, the focus will be on the Christian application of the four principles, as well as appropriate options in providing a patient with spiritual care.
Based on the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” and reading the topic Resources, complete the “Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis” document, in which you will analyze the case study in relation to the following:
- Patient autonomy
- Christian perspective and actions related to sickness and health, principles of beneficence, and nonmaleficence
- Spiritual needs assessment and appropriate interventions for all involved in providing care
- Accountability that would demonstrate an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and person-centered care and participatory approach to care
Note: Participatory approach to care calls for involving stakeholders, particularly the participants in a program or those affected by a given policy, in specific aspects of the evaluation process. The approach covers a wide range of different types of participation, and stakeholders can be involved at any stage of the impact evaluation process, including its design, data collection, analysis, reporting, and managing a study.
Also, person-centered care is “empowering people to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services” (WHO, 2021). This care strategy is based on the belief that patient views, input, and experiences can help improve overall health outcomes.
Support your response using only the following Topic 5 Resources:
- Chapter 5 from the textbook Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care
- “Assessing Spiritual Health Through the Use of Spiritual Health Assessment Tools: Indications for End-of-Life Care”
- “Faith-Sensitive End-of-Life Care for Children, Young People, and Their Families”
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Benchmark Information
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:
BS Health Sciences
1.2: Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.
BS Nursing (RN to BSN)
9.1: Demonstrate an ethical comportment in one’s practice reflective of nursing’s mission to society.
9.2: Employ participatory approach to nursing care.
9.3: Demonstrate accountability to the individual, society, and the profession.
9.5: Demonstrate the professional identity of nursing.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns with AACN Core Competencies: 2.8, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.5
Attachments
PHI-413V-RS-T3T5CaseStudyHealingAndAutonomy.docxPHI-413V-RS-T5BMKPatientSpiritual Need
Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis – Rubric
Rubric Criteria
Total 200 points
| Criterion | 1. Unsatisfactory | 2. Insufficient | 3. Approaching | 4. Acceptable | 5. Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy |
0 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy, does not demonstrate knowledge of the concepts as presented in the textbook chapter and topic Resources, or analysis is not provided. |
19.5 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy, is a copy of information from the textbook chapter and topic Resources that demonstrates a poor understanding of the related concepts. |
22.5 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy, demonstrates a basic understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
25.5 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy, demonstrates a clear understanding extending beyond the surface of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
30 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the principle of autonomy, demonstrates a thorough, concise, and exceptional understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
| 2. Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence |
0 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, does not demonstrate knowledge of the concepts as presented in the textbook chapter and topic Resources, or analysis is not provided. |
52 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, is a copy of information from the textbook chapter and topic Resources that demonstrates a poor understanding of the related concepts. |
60 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, demonstrates a basic understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
68 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, demonstrates a clear understanding extending beyond the surface of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
80 points
Analysis of how decisions need to be made by the physician and the father, according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, demonstrates a thorough, concise, and exceptional understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
| 3. Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention (B)
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son (C1.2) |
0 points
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son, does not demonstrate knowledge of the concepts as presented in the textbook chapter and topic Resources, or analysis is not provided. |
19.5 points
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son, is a copy of information from the textbook chapter and topic Resources that demonstrates a poor understanding of the related concepts. |
22.5 points
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son, demonstrates a basic understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
25.5 points
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son, demonstrates a clear understanding extending beyond the surface of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
30 points
Analysis of how a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father to determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son, demonstrates a thorough, concise, and exceptional understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
| 4. Professional Standards of Practice (B)
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care (C9.1, C9.2, C9.3, C9.5) |
0 points
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care does not demonstrate knowledge of the concepts as presented in the textbook chapter and topic Resources, or analysis is not provided. |
26 points
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care is a copy of information from the textbook chapter and topic Resources that demonstrates a poor understanding of the related concepts. |
30 points
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care demonstrates a basic understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
34 points
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care demonstrates a clear understanding extending beyond the surface of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
40 points
Analysis of how to be accountable for the patient and demonstrate it in an ethical manner that reflects professional standards of practice and a patient-centered care and participatory approach to care demonstrates a thorough, concise, and exceptional understanding of the concepts. Explanation is supported with references to relevant textbook chapter and topic Resources and information from Topic 3 assignment responses. |
| Mechanics of Writing
Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc. |
0 points
Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout. |
7.8 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent. |
9 points
Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted. |
10.2 points
Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used. |
12 points
No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout. |
| Format/Documentation
Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline. |
0 points
Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided. |
5.2 points
Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident. |
6 points
Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors. |
6.8 points
Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors. |
8 points
No errors in formatting or documentation are present. |
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