NRNP-6635-8 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

To facilitate the provision of quality healthcare to patients, nurse practitioners need comprehensive insight into the factors that influence the development of psychopathology. Advancements in fields of biology such as neuroscience and genetics have helped healthcare providers better understand the etiology and pathophysiology of mental illnesses (Haywood et al., 2022). Diversity in function and structure of the brain among individuals has a significant impact on the occurrence of mental disorders. For example, individuals with anomalies in the secretion of neurotransmitters may be susceptible to the development of mental illnesses such as depression.In addition, human genetics has demonstrated that some mental disorders have patterns of inheritance. Identification of errors in specific genes has revealed the origin of illnesses such as bipolar disorder.

Psychology has also revealed that the occurrence of mental illnesses may be influenced by the patient’s behavior and cognitive functions. Moreover, how the patient copes with stress and the presence of emotional disorders predisposes the individual to more mental illnesses (Boland et al., 2022). Past events, such as stressful and traumatic experiences, also greatly influence the prevalence of mental diseases. The psychological state of the patient is pertinent in the diagnosis of a mental illness.

Different societies and cultures have diverse understandings of mental illnesses. The cultural background of the patient influences the clinical manifestation of the illness. Additionally, socio-cultural backgrounds influence the health-seeking behavior of a patient (Remes et al., 2021). Societies, where mental illnesses are stigmatized, will discourage patients from seeking help, while more informed societies will encourage individuals to seek healthcare for their mental wellbeing. Moreover, interpersonal factors such as personality types influence how an individual responds to a stressful situation and their ability to seek healthcare.

References

Boland, R. J., Verduin, M. L., Ruiz, P., Shah, A., & Sadock, B. J. (Eds.). (2022). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (Twelfth edition). Wolters Kluwer.

Haywood, D., Baughman, F. D., Mullan, B. A., & Heslop, K. R. (2022). What Accounts for the Factors of Psychopathology? An Investigation of the Neurocognitive Correlates of Internalising, Externalising, and the p-Factor. Brain Sciences, 12(4), 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040421

Remes, O., Mendes, J. F., & Templeton, P. (2021). Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature. Brain Sciences, 11(12), 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121633

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In many realms of medicine, objective diagnoses can be made: A clavicula is broken.  An infection is present. TSH levels meet the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Psychiatry, on the other hand, deals with psychological phenomena and behaviors. Can these, too, be “defined objectively and by scientific criteria (Gergen, 1985), or are they social constructions?” (Boland, Verduin, & Ruiz, 2022).

Thanks to myriad advances during recent decades, we know that psychopathology is caused by many interacting factors. Theoretical and clinical contributions to the field have come from the neural sciences, genetics, psychology, and social-cultural sciences. How do these factors impact the expression, classification, diagnosis, and prevalence of psychopathology, and why might it be important for a nurse practitioner to take a multidimensional, integrative approach?

LEARNING RESOURCES

Required Readings

• Boland, R. & Verduin, M. L. & Ruiz, P. (2022). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry(12th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  • Chapter 32 “Normal Development and Aging”
  • Chapter 33, “Contributions from the Neurosciences”
  • Chapter 34, “Contributions from the Behavioral and Social Sciences”
  • Chapter 31 “Global and Cultural Issues in Psychiatry”
  • Chapter 35 “A Brief History of Psychiatry”
• Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (2018). Introduction to childhood and adolescent psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathologyLinks to an external site..,  2. (pp. 3–14). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-001
• Cheung, F. M., & Mak, W. W. S. (2018). Sociocultural factors in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders.,  1Links to an external site.. (pp. 127–147). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-006
• Jackson, C. E., & Milberg, W. P. (2018). Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders.,  1Links to an external site.. (pp. 65–90). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-004
• Masten, A. S., & Kalstabakken, A. W. (2018). Developmental perspectives on psychopathology in children and adolescents. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology.,  2Links to an external site.. (pp. 15–36). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-002
• Document:NRNP 6635 Mid-term Study Guide

BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 1

Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology.

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NRNP_6635_Week1_Discussion_Rubric